Improvement in looms



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@uitrit tetes atent @ffice JOHN P. HUMASTOM OF'NEW YORK, N..Y., ASSIGNOR-TO HIMSELF vAND HAMILTON E. TOWLE, OF SAME PLAGE.

'Leiters Paten ivo. 79,908, dates 'July 14, 1868.-

IMPROVEMENT .IN VLOOMS.

TO ALI WHOM'IT MAY CONOERN:

Bo it known that I, JOHN I. HUMASTON, nssignor to myself and Hamilton E. Towle, both ofthe city of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms to increase their capacity for weaving, and to `improve the quality oftheir productions; and I do hereby declare that the following is o full :and exact description thereof, reference beine had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

This invention relates to certain improved construction and arrangement of looms fOr-weaving narrow fabrics, and has for its object increasedrapidity of production, and superiority anduniformity of the fabrics produced. i Y

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvements, I will proc'eedto describe their construction apd operation. r s

i Figure 1 is a pleo,` p

FignreZis a side viewof o loom;

. The same letters referto like parts in allthe figures. l p

.F F are the side-piecesforming the framework ofs. loom. They are kept the proper distance apnrt by the cross-'frame .pieces K K K, and-thc cross-bar or rod z. l l i p I i Allthe motions inthemaehineai-e derivedfiom'the main shaft M, which may be'driven in any ofthe usual ways of communicating roterymotion. l l

- I construct my circular or curved shuttle or weft-race of sets ofparallel curved bars, theshuttlesliding between them, asshown' -in Figure 4, but in some cases, as a modification, I prefer the construction shown nt R R', g. 1. i In this race, ,the4 shuttleor weftmoves inn circuler or other curvedpa'th, the centre of which s in or near the middle part ofthe fabric, where the weft or filling is being` leid by the forward motion of the reed,

and attach the same to the framework K.-

In g.'1, W is the warp of a web. l p 4`f'isthe weft or filling of thesnme, whichfis supplied from the bobbin bin the shuttle S.

R R- is .the curved shuttle" or weftrace`,'nttnched Vto the`breast-heam of' thev loom, `end out away or left-open in thecentral part, as shownat 0,' for the' purpose of allowing the reed r to beat up the filling as it is laid from the shuttle. 4 i l l y i The shuttle is shownatj-S, figs. 1, 2, and 3, andvmay be described as having the'forrn of o. spindle, with an elliptical cross-sc'ction. It is provided with a. recess, for the \vei`tb`obbn b, and with c. circular groove, forthc track R, as shown incross-sec'tion in Figure 3. The shuttleisulso provided with notches, as shown in {ig} Lun.

The sh'nttle may be madeof wood, v'ulcanite,metnl, Vor other suitable material, but I prefer vulcanitc.

The shuttle S is moved by means of arms or carriers cicl.; The carriers areV provided with springs s s', ,which actuate the projecting pins orfteetht t.` These teeth engage the shuttle in the notches n n. The carrier c acts 'upon the shuttle by means of its tooth fd'uring one-half of its traverse, and the carrier c through its tooth Gengaged in the notch n', during'thel rcmn'iiider of 'the stroke. The shuttle can he readily removed by withdrawing the cngagingjtoothor teeth or pins of thel carriers, and sliding` the shuttle to the opening inthe front of the trnck or shuttle-race. 4 Y p The i shuttle or weft-carriers c c are oper'ited about) a vertical., axis, a, fig. 2', having a central position inr relation to the curve of the shuttle-race=or'pathof the shuttle or weft. 4

The carriers are disengaged/from' the shuttle, ivhileitv is in motion, by their teeth tt being thrown out ofl their respective notches in the shuttleby means ofthe wedge-shaped projection'spp". l

The shnttle-carriers `obtain theirl motionifrom` cams onth'e ,main shaft M. These cams act'upon thecarrier` levers`Z-)ZQ'andllthiiough them a'nd'rthe'connecting-rods i' 11', theyftrelnsmitmotion directly to the weft or shuttle-` carriers, theconnect'ion 1being madeon thecerrier-studs K K* l Y Y vasos 2 To insure certainty of action of' the shuttle, und of its` bein'g'-aecurately dnd-certainly delivered from the control oflone carrier to that of the other, the carriers are constructed so that for a certainl distance in the uiiddie part ofthe stroke of the shuttle, both proceed togetberwith the shuttle for a period of time and; distance suieient to insure 4certain enga gement of the tooth of the receiving-carrier, Before thetoothof the delivering; carrier is-fnll'y disengaged. v "if .I p

The peculiar construction of the shuttle-carriers, whichcompels them to start at the instantthe shuttle is /l Y delivered to either of them by the other, is seennear their common axis at tlie jogs g g', iig. 1, which come linto contactwith each other, and promptly sta-rt the rcceiving-carrier by an impulse from ,'the deliveringjcarrier, Meanwhilev the engagement and disengagement oif the toothA are taking place; the position and shape of the cams on.the main. shaft, which operate the carriera-being adjusted to correspond to the motion dhsir'd.-

When the shuttle is under the control of one carrier only, the other carrier is at rest nt the projection p erp.

The lay-motion is derived from the main shaft`M, from the action of a cam lixed upon it. The motion is transmitted fromthe cam to the lay L, through 'the cam-lever Z", and the connecting-rod r", from the leverto the lay. The connectingrod to the lay is formed with a vertical opening through it, to'allow the 'harness It It to have its proper central-position directly b chindthe reed and luy.l

The harness h It is operated in its `proper' reciprocal motion also by a lever, 1', and cam-motion, shown in iig. 2. l l I All the cams acting upon the harness, lay, ond carrier-levers are upon the main shaft M. and all the cam levers are hinged uponjcentres nt the rear of and below the level of the main shaft, as shown in iig. 2.

One motion of the harness-laver orlevers and one motion of the earrierflevers may-be obtained by tht action of a springer springs,sa s* s', 6g. 2, or all the motions of the levers may be made positive from the cams alone. l i

The mechanism for obtaining and graduating the take-up motion is shown particularly in iig. 2, and may he described as a friction-wheel, D, with a flange, d, acted upon by a jointed.lever,`l"". One end of this 'lever ishungeoneentrioslly with the frietionfwheel D. I nvthe middle part ,of lthel'ever, not far from the position of lthe'jointj, therel is a greovoe'ut, which is of suihcient size and depth to allow the dangoof the wheel to move freely in it whenever the lever. remains straightnt the joint j, but whenever the lever becomes bent ut the joint, the groove erampsitself or becomes pinched or lockedV upon the ilauge of the wheel D, so that when such bendj ingiof the lever takes place, thc wheel is-carried along with the lever and in the 4same direction.V 'f

0u tho face of the friction-wheel D rests a hold-fastor pawl, shown in' dotted lines 9'",- which is held by-a- `spring against it,i u sucha manner as tovprevent the whole-from moving backward. f

Fixed into the side of the lay'is a stud'orpin, p, which comes into contact with the f ree end of the jointed lever 1, at each ,stroke of the lay. This causes the friction-wheel to revolve. hy minute increments. The extent of the motion of the lever and friction-wheel D is adjustable bythe stop-screw s. -Upou the shaft of the4 friction-.wheel D is also fixed u-smnll cylinder, o, dotted, which revolves with the'frio'ton-wheel. Against this cylinder lthere is held, by foreeof a spring, a small pressing'roller, a', covered with rubber or some other 'ela'stio substance. Between the roller and cylinder tho fabrieiheing. woven i smade to pass, which is gradually draw-n through between thom,.as the projecting pin p ofthe lay a'ets upon the end ofthe jointed lever. The jointed .levo'r'is drawn up, to be ready forl a fresh action -of thepin, by the spring e. v

The common-shaped weft-hobbin or spool can be used, but the'f'orm of vwei`t-hohhin which I prefer is that represented 'at b,in` the shuttle S, figs. 1, 2,'and 3. It has its artis perpendicular -to the plane of motion of the shuttle. This allows the weft to be delivered from' thel bobhin at nearly'a constant angle, whether the bobbin hs' quite full or nearly exhausted. v This secures -an even tension of the iilling. A y.

rlzhe curvilinear motion of the shuttle insures tbegradual and uniform winding of `the weft from the hobbin, and'uvoids the sudden strain or vjerking of the thread ususl'in looms in which the 'weft is lid by a shuttle orv needle having a direct rectilinear reciprocatingimoton'.

The uniform unwinding-or deliveryof `the',u 'eft, and nearly unvarying gentle strain it is subject to in a behbin of this construction, when used with my improvements uforesaid,'enable the manufacturer 'to use thel finest threads, and at the same time'to run the loom st an unusually high rate of speed. v

l An-important ohjectaecomplished by the use of th'e curved pathand my improvements afo'reissuid,l is the delivery ofthe lling from the shuttle, in such a manner that the thread from the ybobb'in is unwound with a1 luniform motion and gradually, so'th'at theLsudden strain or. jerking oi'y the thread usual in shuttles acting'in'a rectilinear direction is avoided.

Another object of importance in wea-ving, which is accomplishedby my said improvements, is that he unsionof the weft-threadl is readily and easily adjusted as leaves the bohhiu'or shuttle,-i \nd so insure; n mge uniform selvedgeoand texture than can bo made whsre'the tension is .very variable.

The uniform unwinding of the fillingv from the weft-bobbin, spool, or cop, results. mainly from the curvilinear motion of the shuttle or. weft. i l

.'The uniform tension of the illingris partly due to thelnrgo and slightlyfvarying angle which Athe direction of the filling-thread makes with the axis of the weft-hobbin as it leaves the bobbiu.

Any additional amount 'of uniform tension may beobtained iu various ways, by producing a certain degres of friction on the weft-thread or weft-hobbin. A simple and effective way is to vcs t'usevthe thread to pass, s ig leaves the weft-hobbin, through small holes, orbctweenfpius or lingers fix ed in the shuttle. I

Another desiredobject of importance obtained in the use of my said shuttle-ruceor curved path for the weft, is that the filling, st tho' moment it is being beaten up in the web by the reed,f`is, stret ched straight across and at nearly or exact right angles to the direction of'the warp.\

rapidity with whqh the weft is thrown backward and forward.

I Ado not confine my invention to the precise form of shuttle and race shownin the drawings, as :my curved track or way which will permit the shuttle tn move freely muy be employed instead of those described, as, for

instance, the shuttle may be guided upon n. curved rod passing through a. hole in the shuttle.

I do noteonne my invention to the use of cams for giving the proper motion to the s hnttlearriers or lay, as sueh motion maybeobtained from the employmentof cranks, tappets, or any equivalent device known Yt0 mechanics; neither do I confine my improvementsl to any particular kind of loom.

Claims.

What I clnm as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is 'as follows:

1. The combination of the lay and the pivoted and vibratory shuttle-carriers with connecting-rods and levers, receiving nnd imparting their movement from n singles-evolving camshaft directly to said lay and shuttle-carriers, substntially as'herein shown and described.V

2. The construction of the two shuttle-carriers, vibrating on an axis common to both, when the same are provided with shoulders or jogs, acting in the manner and for the purpose set forth.V

New York, June 27, 1867.

JoHNV P.- HUMASTON.

Witn esses EDMUND N. WIGGIN, Jeux MARTIN. 

